BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE—CHAPTER 7—THE CELL
1. Who was one of the first people to identify and see cork cells?
2. What knowledge was gained from the work of Schleiden and Schwann?
3. What are the three principles of the cell theory?
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4. To what organisms does the cell theory apply?
5. What organelles are lacking in prokaryotic cells?
6. Does a prokaryotic cell contain genetic material? Where is it located?
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7. What structures are found in all prokaryotic cells?
8. What structures are found in eukaryotic cells?
9. Does a eukaryotic cell contain genetic material? Where is it located?
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10. Name some organisms made up of prokaryotic cells.
11. Name some organisms made up of eukaryotic cells.
12. What are the functions of the nucleus?
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13. What structures are found in the nucleus?
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14. Where is cytoplasm located?
15. Why is the nucleus important to cells?
16. What structure contains digestive enzymes that break down food and old cell parts into molecules the cell can use?
17. Which structure makes proteins using coded instructions that come from the nucleus?
18. Which organelle converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use?
19. Which organelles help provide cells with energy?
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20. Trace the path of a protein in the cell?
1. made at the _____________________ located on the ___________________________
2. travels to the ______________________________ where it is processed and packaged
3. ____________________________ from the cell
21. What structures are found in plant cells, but not in animal cells?
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22. What is the function of the cytoskeleton?
23. Name two structures that carry out cell movement. (not cilia and flagella)
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24. What is the main function of the cell wall?
25. How does the cell wall differ from the cell membrane?
26. Which structure serves as the cell’s boundary from its environment?
27. What is the function of the cell membrane?
28. Of what type of molecule are the channels and pumps in the cell membrane made?
29. Define diffusion.
30. What happens when the concentration of molecules on both sides of a membrane is the same? (be careful)
31. Which type of transport requires input of energy from the cell?
32. Define osmosis
33. What happens when an animal cell is surrounded by fresh water?
34. Why does the answer to the above question occur?
35. What is cell specialization?
36. What is a tissue?
37. List the levels of organization in a multicelluar organism from the simplest level to the most complex level.
38. Draw a diagram of an animal cell and label the following parts:
Golgi apparatus, rough endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, nucleolus, cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, free ribosome, cell membrane.
39. Draw a diagram of a plant cell and label the following parts:
cell wall, nucleus, cell membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplast, large central vacuole
40. Draw a diagram of two different solutions being separated by a selectively permeable membrane. The left side has a mixture of both molecules. The right side only has one type of molecule. The membrane is permeable to both types of molecules. Draw a second diagram to show what will happen to the two solutions after a period of time.
41. Will these solutions reach equilibrium?
42. Will the molecules ever stop moving from one side to another?
43. What are cilia?
44. Draw a cell in a solution that will cause it to burst.
45. What is facilitated diffusion?
Define the following terms:
46. Diffusion—
47. Exocytosis—
48. Hypertonic solution—
49. Hypotonic solution—
50. Isotonic solution—
51. Osmosis—
HONORS
52. Describe the structure of the plasma membrane
53. What is meant by saying the plasma membrane is a fluid mosaic?
54. Why is the content of a cell different from its surroundings?
55. What cell structure maintains homeostasis?
56. What cell structure is the control center?
57. What cell structure transforms energy?
58. What cell structure sorts and transports molecules?
59. Draw a chloroplast. In what cells are these found?
60. What happens when you place a cell in a hypotonic solution?
61. What happens when you place a cell in a hypertonic solution?
62. What happens if you place a cell in a strong sugar solution?
63. In what direction do molecules move in active transport?
64. How does water leave a cell when it is placed in salt water?
65. What types of transport are considered passive transport?
66. What types of transport are considered active transport?
67. What are the two differences between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
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