BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE—PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION

1. Define autotroph—

2. Define heterotroph—

3. Give examples of autotrophs.

4. Give examples of heterotrophs.

5. What are the three parts of an ATP molecule?

6. How is energy released from an ATP molecule?

7. What is formed when ATP releases energy?

8. What does ATP provide for a cell?

9. What happens to ATP after it is used by the cell?

10. What is the equation for photosynthesis?

11. What gas is given off by a plant in bright sunlight?

12. In photosynthesis, a plant uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into what?

13. What does a plant need in order to carry on photosynthesis?

14. How do plants take in the sun’s energy?

15. Why do plants appear green?

16. Which region of the visible spectrum is not absorbed well by chlorophyll?

17. What are the events that occur during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

18. What is the Calvin cycle another name for?

19. What is a product of the Calvin cycle?

20. What would happen to a plant if carbon dioxide was completely removed from the plant’s environment?

21. What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

22. What are the reactants in the above equation?

23. What are the products of the above equation?

24. What are the three stages of cellular respiration in the correct order?

25. What is released during cellular respiration?

26. How many molecules of ATP do you get from 1 molecule of glucose in cellular respiration?

27. What part of cellular respiration occurs in the cytoplasm?

28. What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis alone?

29. What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?

30. What are the two main types of fermentation?

31. Where does lactic acid fermentation occur?

32. What process is used to produce beer and wine?

33. In the presence of oxygen, what will follow glycolysis?

34. Cellular respiration is considered an aerobic process because it requires what gas?

35. What organisms carry out cellular respiration?

36. What organisms do not carry out cellular respiration?

37. What is the starting molecule for the Kreb’s cycle?

38. In eukaryotes, where does electron transport take place?

39. The energy of the electrons passing along the electron transport chain is used to make what molecule?

40. What are sources of energy during exercise?

41. Which process does not release energy from glucose?

42. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes?

43. Complete this analogy: Photosynthesis is to cellular respiration as

_________________ is to ________________________. Relationship: where they occur.

44. In what cells does photosynthesis occur?

45. In what cells does cellular respiration occur?

46. How do the reactants and products of photosynthesis and cellular respiration compare?

47. How many ATP molecules are produced by glycolysis and fermentation?

48. How many ATP molecules are produced by glycolysis , the Kreb’s cycle and electron transport?

49. Which of the above processes requires oxygen?

50. If an Elodea plant is placed in a test tube near light, what gas will collect in the test tube?

51. How will the distance of the light affect the rate of gas production?

51 B. Which energy processes do plants carry out?

51 C. What will happen to a tube containing a plant and bromthymol blue if it is kept in the dark? What will happen to the tube if it is kept in the light?

HONORS:

52. Draw an ATP molecule. Draw the adenine as a two ring structure and the ribose as a one ring structure. Draw the phosphates as circles.

53. Draw an ADP molecule using the same instructions as above.

54. What is a granum?

55. What is stroma?

56. What are thylakoids?

57. Where in the chloroplast is chlorophyll found?

58. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

59. What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

60. What happens in the light dependent reactions?

61. Where are photosystems I and II found?

62. Where does the Calvin cycle take place?

63. What affects the rate of photosynthesis?

64. What happens if you continue to increase the intensity of light that a plant receives?

65. What would you expect to happen to plants at temperatures greater than 45^o C

(115^o F)?

66. Draw a graph that shows the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.

67. Draw a graph that shows the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.

68. What are the electron carriers in cellular respiration?

69. Which molecules are used to pass high-energy electons into the electron transport chain?

70. List the steps of light absorption, electron transport, and chemiosmosis in the correct order.