DNA STUDY GUIDE

 

 

DNA STRUCTURE

 

 

  1. What type of molecule is this?

 

 

  1. What is structure X called?

 

  1. What three things make up the answer to number 2?

 

  1. Watson and Crick described this structure as a:

 

  1. What is true about the number/percentage of adenine molecules compared to thymine?  cytosine compared to guanine?

 

 

  1. Which bases are considered purines?

 

  1. Which bases are considered pyrimidines?

 

  1. Where is DNA located in a prokaryotic cell?

 

  1. Where is DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?

 

  1. What molecules make up the backbone of a DNA molecule?

 

  1. What molecules make up the rungs of a DNA molecule?

 

  1. What are the complementary base pairs?  (Which base pairs with which?)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13.   Label the sugar molecules, the phosphate molecules, and the bases in the above  diagram.  Cricle and label a codon.  Circle and label a nucleotide.

 

DNA REPLICATION

 

14.  In what process is DNA copied?

 

  1.  What is the end result of the process from question 10?

 

  1.  During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases TAGCAT produces a strand with the bases:

 

  1. The pairing of _______________in DNA is the key feature that allows DNA to be copied.

 

COMPARING DNA & RNA

 

  1. What is the same between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide?

 

 

  1. What is different between a DNA nucleotide and an RNA nucleotide?

 

 

  1. RNA contains the sugar __________________, while DNA contains the sugar ________________

 

 

  1. How many types of RNA are there?

 

  1. Name and provide the function (job) of each:

 

 

 

 

 

 

TRANSCRIPTION

 

  1. What is produced during transcription?

 

  1. Where does this process occur?

 

THE GENETIC CODE

 

  1. Genes contain instructions for assembling ________________.

 

26.  Arrange the following from largest to smallest:

       nucleus, cell, chromosome, nucleotide, DNA

 

  1. What is a codon?

 

  1. What does a codon code for?

 

  1. Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon?

 

 

 

 

  1. What is the start codon?  

Which amino acid does it code for?

 

 

 

  1. Name the three stop codons:

 

 

 

  1. Which amino acids would the following codons specify?

 

GUA—

 

CCC—

 

AGC—

 

GAC—

 

UCA—

 

 

TRANSLATION/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

 

  1. What is produced in translation?

 

  1. Ribosomes are made up of _________________  and __________________.

 

 

  1. Know the steps of translation:

 

 

 

 

  1. Identify the following structures in the diagram:

A:

 

B:

 

C:

 

D:

 

E:

 

F:

 

 

  1. Identify the following processes in the diagram:

X:

 

Y:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  1. What process is illustrated in the figure?

 

  1. In which part of the cell does this process take place?

 

  1. Identify the following structures:

A.

 

B.

 

C.

 

D.

 

E.

 

F.

 

G.

 

Asparagine and Methionine are what type of molecule?

 

 

 MUTATIONS

 

  1. Mutation—

 

 

  1. Mutagen—

 

  1. What are some examples of mutagens?

 

  1. Point mutation—

 

  1. Frameshift mutation—

 

  1. Substitution—

 

  1. Insertion—

 

  1. Deletion—

 

  1. Inversion—

 

  1. Translocation—

 

     

  1. A DNA segment is changed from TAGCAT  to TACCAT.  What type of mutation is this?

 

-Is this a frameshift or a point mutation?

 

  1. A DNA segment is changed from TAGCAT to TACAT.  What type of mutation is this?

 

-Is this a frameshift or a point mutation?

 

  1. A DNA segment is changed from TAGCAT to TAGACAT.  What type of mutation is this?

 

-Is this a frameshift or a point mutation?

 

 

 

 

  1. Label the type of each of the mutations shown in the diagram. 

54. What are the three parts of a DNA nucleotide? (name the bases)

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55. What are the three parts of an RNA nucleotide?

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56. The percentage of what two types of molecules in DNA would be the same?

 

 

57. What is the process by which a DNA molecule is copied?

 

 

58 What is true of the two new DNA molecules after DNA is copied?

 

 

59 How many nitrogen bases are found in one codon?

 

 

60. How many codons are needed to specify one amino acid?

 

 

61. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids?

 

 

62. What happens during the process of translation?

 

 

63. Which mutations are gene mutations?

 

 

64. Which mutations are chromosome mutations?

 

 

65. Which mutations are frameshift mutations?

 

 

66. What might happen as the result of a somatic mutation to a skin cell?

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67. Both DNA and RNA are polymers composed of subunits known as _____________.