BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE—MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS
1. What happens to the surface area and volume of a cell as the cell becomes larger?
2. What are some reasons a cell cannot keep growing larger? What happens to the cell?
-
-
-
3. What is harder for a large cell to do compared to a small cell?
4. What is the difference between the terms mitosis and cell division?
-
-
5. What would happen is a cell’s DNA was not copied before cell division?
6. What happens to a cell’s DNA when it divides?
7. When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?
8. State the phases of the cell cycle and what happens in each one.
-
-
-
-
9. When during the cell cycle is a cell’s DNA replicated? (What phase?)
10. What happens during interphase?
-
-
11. Which is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
12. Which phases are part of interphase?
13. Draw a diagram of the cell cycle and label the following:
cell division, mitosis, cytokinesis, interphase, G1, G2, S, M, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
14. What is the cell cycle?
15. Draw a double chromatid and label the following parts:
Centromere, sister chromatids
16. Draw a diagram of centrioles and spindle fibers.
17. During what phases of mitosis are double chromosomes visible?
18.List the phases of mitosis in order and tell what happens in each one.
-
-
-
-
19. What is cytokinesis?
20. What is the role of the spindle fibers during mitosis?
21. What are the two main stages of cell division?
-
-
22. What is the difference between cell division in plant cells and in animal cells?
23. How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell after mitosis?
24. In cancer, what have cells lost the ability to control?
25. What is the name for a mass of cancer cells?
26. What kind of organisms are affected by cancer?
27. Draw a plant cell near the end of mitosis. Label the cell plate.
28. How does cytokinesis occur in plant cells?
29. How can you tell a dividing plant cell from a dividing animal cell?
30. How can you tell the chromosome number in a cell while it is undergoing mitosis?
31. What happens in prophase?
-
-
-
-
32. How is a chromatid attached to a spindle fiber?
33. During what phase of mitosis do each of the following occur?
-chromatin condenses into chromosomes—
-spindle fibers begin to form—
-spindle fibers begin to disappear—
-centrioles begin to move to opposite ends of the cell—
-the nuclear membrane disappears—
-the nuclear membrane reforms—
-sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell—
-chromosomes line up at the center of the cell—
34. Draw an animal cell in metaphase of mitosis. Label the spindle fibers and centrioles.
35. Draw diagrams showing the 4 stages of mitosis.
36. Draw a cell at the end of telophase. Then draw two new cells in interphase.
37. Draw a cell in an early stage of prophase. Then draw one in a late stage of prophase.
38. What is the term for a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes?
39. What is the term for a cell that contains one member of each chromosome pair?
40. What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?
41. What is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans?
42. What is another term for a fertilized egg?
43. What are three ways of indicating the chromosome number of a human egg or sperm?
-
-
-
44. What is a somatic cell?
45. Give examples of somatic cells.
46. What are three ways of indicating the chromosome number of a human somatic cell?
-
-
-
47. What is crossing over?
48. During what phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
For each of the following situations, tell whether it applies to mitosis or meiosis:
49. _______________-four new cells are formed from each original
50. _______________-two new daughter cells are formed from one original cell.
51. _______________-this type of cell reproduction helps you grow.
52. _______________-this type of cell reproduction makes egg cells.
53. _______________-this makes cells with half the original number of chromosomes.
54. _______________-this makes cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell.
55. _______________-new skin cells are made this way.
56. _______________-this process makes sperm cells.
Define the following terms:
57. meiosis—
58. haploid—
59. zygote—
60. fertilization—