BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE—CHEMISTRY
Define the following terms:
1. proton--
2. neutron—
3. electron—
4. isotope—
5. compound—
6. solution—
7. solute—
8. solvent—
9. suspension—
10. monosaccharide—
11. reactant—
12. product—
13. chemical reaction—
14. activation energy—
15. catalyst—
16. cellulose—
17.polar molecule—
18. nucleus—
19. peptide bond—
20. polymer—
21. solution—
22. enzyme—
23. metabolism—
24. What is found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom?
25. What particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?
26. How do you write the names of isotopes of atoms, using their mass numbers?
27. How do isotopes of the same element differ?
28. For what are radioactive isotopes used in biology?
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29. What determines the atomic number of an atom?
30. What is the composition of a molecule of water?
31. How does a covalent bond form?
32. How does a positive ion form?
33. How does a negative ion form?
34. Why does ice float on water?
35. What is the most abundant compound in most living things?
36. Describe the polar nature of a water molecule. Which part has a positive charge and which part has a negative charge?
37. How does a suspension differ from a solution?
38. What is the pH of stomach acid?
39. What is the pH of soap?
40. What is the pH of each of the following?
Acid—
Base—
Neutral substance—
41. What is the H+ ion concentration of an acid?
42. What is the H+ ion concentration of a base?
43. What monomers make up a protein?
44. What monomers make up a starch?
45. What monomers make up RNA and DNA?
46. Which group of organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things?
47.What are the functions of proteins?
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48. What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?
49. Write a chemical equation and identify the reactants and products.
50. In a chemical reaction that releases energy, in what forms can that energy be released?
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51. Name a catalyst that is not an enzyme.
52. Are catalysts used up in a chemical reaction?
53. How do catalysts speed up a chemical reaction?
54. What do enzymes do to chemical reactions in living cells?
55. How do you calculate the following?
Mass number—
Atomic number—
Number of electrons—
Number of neutrons—
56. What is the pH of a strong acid?
57. What is the pH of a weak acid?
58. What is the pH of a strong base?
59. What is the pH of a weak base?
60. Draw a graph of an enzyme that works best between 20 oC and 60 oC, does not work at 0 oC, and quits working at 100 oC.
HONORS
61. How do the chemical and physical properties of a compound compare to those of the elements from which it is formed?
62. How many electrons can a carbon atom share?
63. Why does water dissolve ionic and molecular compounds?
64. How does a chlorine atom become a chloride ion?
65. How does glucose differ from fructose?
66. How do C-12, C-13, and C-14 compare?
67. Draw an atom of fluorine.
68. Draw an atom of sodium.
69. Draw and atom of carbon.
70. Draw an atom of oxygen
71. what atoms form ions?
72. How does an unsaturated fat form?
73. What is the difference between a chemical and a physical change?
74. What is hydrolysis?
75. What element is found in proteins, but not in carbohydrates or lipids?